Faculty and Staff

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Theoharides (PI) 1/1/21-12/31/2023
Neuroimmune priming of human mast cells

BioTechne
Theoharides (PI) 1/1/19-8/30/2021
Effect of IL-38 on human microglia activation

Solve ME/CFS Initiative 2018 Ramsay Award
Theoharides (PI) 11/1/18-12/31/2019
Role of extracellular vesicles in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Podcast: Pelvic Health Support
Episode Title: Unlocking the Connection Between IC/BPS & Vulvodynia with Dr. Theoharis Theoharides, M.D., Ph.D.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjyIpEFau88&t=987s
Description: In this eye-opening interview, the renowned Dr. Theoharides, a leading expert in neuroinflammation and mast cells, discusses the link between these chronic pain conditions, and how they can be effectively managed.

Podcast: The Smartest Doctor in the Room
Episode Title: Ep.155 - Mastering Mast Cell Mysteries: The Surprising Link Between Allergies, Long COVID, and Brain Health.
Link: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-smartest-doctor-in-the-room/id1612081247?i=1000676624011
Description: In this episode of The Smartest Doctor in the Room podcast, Dr. Dean Mitchell is joined by Dr. Theoharis Theoharides. They uncover the hidden power of mast cells—cells once thought to only trigger allergies but now linked to long COVID, chronic fatigue, neurological symptoms, and more.

Brain Fog: Causes and Prevention

Inflammation Derails Brain Homeostasis

Mast Cell Over-Activation, and How It Affects Our Mind and Body Wellbeing

Interstitial Cystitis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Demystifying Mast Cells: How to Get the Right Diagnosis

My mystery symptoms and mast cells

Mast cells and autism

Role of Mast Cells in Inflammation of the Brain and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Dr. Theoharides speaks at the 9-2023 NIH Workshop on Neurologic Aspects of Long-COVID on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, neuroinflammation and brain fog

The Role of Mast Cells and Histamine in Interstitial Cystitis

IIMEC13 Anne Ortegren Memorial Lecture Professor Theoharis C. Theoharides

Dr. Theoharides Sensitive Children

Get an MCAS Diagnosis with These Questions

2025

• Tsilioni I, Duraisami K, Theoharides TC. Nobiletin and Eriodictyol Suppress Release of IL-1β, CXCL8, IL-6 and MMP-9 from LPS, SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and Ochratoxin A-Stimulated Human Microglia. Intl J Mol Sci, 2025. n press.

2024

• Demopoulos CA, Antonopoulou S, Theoharides TC. Is Platelet-Activating Factor the Missing Link Between COVID-19 and Atherosclerosis? JACC Adv. 2024 Nov 9;3(12):101397

• Effective Doses of Low-Dose Naltrexone for Chronic Pain - An Observational Study.
  Marcus NJ, Robbins L, Araki A, Gracely EJ, Theoharides TC. J Pain Res. 2024 Mar 21;17:1273-1284. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S451183. eCollection 2024. PMID: 38532991  Review.

• Luteolin Is More Potent than Cromolyn in Their Ability to Inhibit Mediator Release from Cultured Human Mast Cells.
  Tsilioni I, Theoharides T. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2024;185(8):803-809. doi: 10.1159/000537752. Epub 2024 Apr 8. PMID: 38588651 No abstract available.

• Mast cell-sensory neuron interactions under stress.
  Theoharides TC. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024 Jul 25:S0091-6749(24)00680-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.032. Online ahead of print. PMID: 39066769 

• Molecular Profiling of the Hippocampus of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  Rexrode LE, Hartley J, Showmaker KC, Challagundla L, Vandewege MW, Martin BE, Blair E, Bollavarapu R, Antonyraj RB, Hilton K, Gardiner A, Valeri J, Gisabella B, Garrett MR, Theoharides TC, Pantazopoulos H. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 14. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02441-8. Online ahead of print. PMID: 38355786

• Ochratoxin A stimulates release of IL-1β, IL-18 and CXCL8 from cultured human microglia.
  Tsilioni I, Theoharides TC. Toxicology. 2024 Feb;502:153738. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153738. Epub 2024 Feb 1. PMID: 38301823

• The need for partnerships in migration for medical workers.
  Theoharides C. Lancet Neurol. 2024 May;23(5):459. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00117-0. PMID: 38631759 No abstract available.

• Recent Research Trends in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders.
  Cohen J, Mathew A, Dourvetakis KD, Sanchez-Guerrero E, Pangeni RP, Gurusamy N, Aenlle KK, Ravindran G, Twahir A, Isler D, Sosa-Garcia SR, Llizo A, Bested AC, Theoharides TC, Klimas NG, Kempuraj D. Cells. 2024 Mar 14;13(6):511. doi: 10.3390/cells13060511. PMID: 38534355  Free PMC article. 

2023

• Mast cells in the autonomic nervous system and potential role in disorders with dysautonomia and neuroinflammation.
  Theoharides TC, Twahir A, Kempuraj D. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023 Nov 10:S1081-1206(23)01397-2. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.10.032. Online ahead of print.PMID: 37951572 

• COVID-19 and Long COVID: Disruption of the Neurovascular Unit, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Tight Junctions. 
  Kempuraj D, Aenlle KK, Cohen J, Mathew A, Isler D, Pangeni RP, Nathanson L, Theoharides TC, Klimas NG. Neuroscientist. 2024 Aug;30(4):421-439. doi: 10.1177/10738584231194927. Epub 2023 Sep 11. PMID: 37694571  Review.

• The Role of Mast Cells and Their Inflammatory Mediators in Immunity.
  Theoharides TC. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 28;24(15):12130. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512130.PMID: 37569506 

• Potential Role of Moesin in Regulating Mast Cell Secretion.
  Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 28;24(15):12081. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512081.PMID: 37569454 

• Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its Receptor Binding Domain Stimulate Release of Different Pro-Inflammatory Mediators via Activation of Distinct Receptors on Human Microglia Cells.
  Tsilioni I, Theoharides TC. Mol Neurobiol. 2023 Nov;60(11):6704-6714. doi: 10.1007/s12035-023-03493-7. Epub 2023 Jul 21.PMID: 37477768

• Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Stimulates Secretion of Chymase, Tryptase, and IL-1β from Human Mast Cells, Augmented by IL-33.
  Tsilioni I, Theoharides TC. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 30;24(11):9487. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119487.PMID: 37298438 

• Humoral Innate Immunity and Acute-Phase Proteins. 
  Theoharides TC, Tsilioni I. N Engl J Med. 2023 May 4;388(18):1725. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2302460.PMID: 37133604 No abstract available.

• Mast cell activation: beyond histamine and tryptase.
  Theoharides TC, Perlman AI, Twahir A, Kempuraj D. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2023 Jun;19(6):639-654. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2023.2200936. Epub 2023 Apr 14.PMID: 37029958

• Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-Induced Activation of Microglia and Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neuro-COVID.
  Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D. Cells. 2023 Feb 22;12(5):688. doi: 10.3390/cells12050688.PMID: 36899824

 

2022

• Key Genetic Components of Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Tziastoudi M, Theoharides TC, Nikolaou E, Efthymiadi M, Eleftheriadis T, Stefanidis I. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 5;23(23):15331. doi: 10.3390/ijms232315331. PMID: 36499658; PMCID: PMC9736240.

• Exosome-associated mitochondrial DNA from patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome stimulates human microglia to release IL-1β
Tsilioni I, Natelson B, Theoharides TC. Eur J Neurosci. 2022 Nov;56(10):5784-5794. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15828. Epub 2022 Oct 7. PMID: 36153118.

• Genetics of COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review
Tziastoudi M, Cholevas C, Stefanidis I, Theoharides TC. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022 Nov;9(11):1838-1857. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51631. Epub 2022 Oct 6. PMID: 36204816; PMCID: PMC9639636.

• Platelet activating factor: Have we been missing the forest for the trees?
Theoharides TC, Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Biofactors. 2022 Nov;48(6):1184-1188. doi: 10.1002/biof.1908. Epub 2022 Oct 27. PMID: 36300767.

• Is there an interplay between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Platelet-Activating factor?
Antonopoulou S, Petsini F, Detopoulou M, Theoharides TC, Demopoulos CA. Biofactors. 2022 Jul 19:10.1002/biof.1877. doi: 10.1002/biof.1877. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35852257; PMCID: PMC9349578.

• Calprotectin and Imbalances between Acute-Phase Mediators Are Associated with Critical Illness in COVID-19
Kassianidis G, Siampanos A, Poulakou G, Adamis G, Rapti A, Milionis H, Dalekos GN, Petrakis V, Sympardi S, Metallidis S, Alexiou Z, Gkavogianni T, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Theoharides TC. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 28;23(9):4894. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094894. PMID: 35563282; PMCID: PMC9099708.

• Need to define a subgroup of patients with idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome
Theoharides TC. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Apr;10(4):1127-1128. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.045. PMID: 35397814.

• Successful Treatment of a Patient With Severe COVID-19 Using an Integrated Approach Addressing Mast Cells and Their Mediators
Theoharides TC, Guerra L, Patel K. Int J Infect Dis. 2022 May;118:164-166. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.049. Epub 2022 Feb 26. PMID: 35227867; PMCID: PMC8881225.

• Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?
Theoharides TC. Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar;59(3):1850-1861. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0. Epub 2022 Jan 13. PMID: 35028901; PMCID: PMC8757925.

 

2021

• Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Detection of Susceptibility Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy
Tziastoudi M, Cholevas C, Theoharides TC, Stefanidis I. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 21;23(1):20. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010020. PMID: 35008447; PMCID: PMC8744540.

• Immune-Related Gene Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenetic Studies in Nephrology
Tziastoudi M, Cholevas C, Stefanidis I, Theoharides TC. Clin Ther. 2021 Dec;43(12):2148-2153. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.09.020. Epub 2021 Nov 2. PMID: 34740465.

• Ways to Address Perinatal Mast Cell Activation and Focal Brain Inflammation, including Response to SARS-CoV-2, in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Theoharides TC. J Pers Med. 2021 Aug 29;11(9):860. doi: 10.3390/jpm11090860. PMID: 34575637; PMCID: PMC8465360.

• Neurohormonal markers in chronic rhinosinusitis
Compton RA, Lonergan AR, Tsillioni I, Conti P, Ronconi G, Lauritano D, Rebeiz EE, Theoharides TC. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021 May-Jun;35(3):901-908. doi: 10.23812/21-35-3-E2. PMID: 34231347.

• Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye
Theoharides TC, Conti P. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021 May-Jun;35(3):833-838. doi: 10.23812/THEO_EDIT_3_21. PMID: 34100279.

• ExoProK: A Practical Method for the Isolation of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Pleural Effusions
Antonopoulos D, Tsilioni I, Tsiara S, Moustaka E, Ladias S, Perlepe G, Theoharides TC, Gourgoulianis KI, Balatsos NAA. Methods Protoc. 2021 May 11;4(2):31. doi: 10.3390/mps4020031. PMID: 34065021; PMCID: PMC8163155.

• A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Studies in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Tziastoudi M, Pissas G, Raptis G, Cholevas C, Eleftheriadis T, Dounousi E, Stefanidis I, Theoharides TC. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 25;22(9):4480. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094480. PMID: 33923087; PMCID: PMC8123337.

• Antibodies for COVID-19 - which, when and how long?
Theoharides TC, Lauritano D, Ronconi G, Calvisi V, Conti P. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021 Mar-Apr;35(2):417-422. doi: 10.23812/Theo_edit. PMID: 33896155.

• Luteolin: The wonder flavonoid
Theoharides TC. Biofactors. 2021 Mar;47(2):139-140. doi: 10.1002/biof.1729. Epub 2021 Apr 15. PMID: 33856721.

• Long-COVID syndrome-associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue
Theoharides TC, Cholevas C, Polyzoidis K, Politis A. Biofactors. 2021 Mar;47(2):232-241. doi: 10.1002/biof.1726. Epub 2021 Apr 12. PMID: 33847020; PMCID: PMC8250989.

• Mast cells to dendritic cells: Let IL-13 shut your IL-12 down
Theoharides TC, Conti P. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Jun;147(6):2073-2074. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.032. Epub 2021 Apr 5. PMID: 33831419.

• Proceedings from the Inaugural American Initiative in Mast Cell Diseases (AIM) Investigator Conference
Gotlib J, George TI, Carter MC, Austen KF, Bochner B, Dwyer DF, Lyons JJ, Hamilton MJ, Butterfield J, Bonadonna P, Weiler C, Galli SJ, Schwartz LB, Elberink HO, Maitland A, Theoharides T, Ustun C, Horny HP, Orfao A, Deininger M, Radia D, Jawhar M, Kluin-Nelemans H, Metcalfe DD, Arock M, Sperr WR, Valent P, Castells M, Akin C. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Jun;147(6):2043-2052. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Mar 11. PMID: 33745886.

• IL-1B(3954) polymorphism and red complex bacteria increase IL-1β (GCF) levels in periodontitis
Pani P, Tsilioni I, McGlennen R, Brown CA, Hawley CE, Theoharides TC, Papathanasiou E. J Periodontal Res. 2021 Jun;56(3):501-511. doi: 10.1111/jre.12850. Epub 2021 Feb 26. PMID: 33638191; PMCID: PMC8799375.

• Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and beneficial action of luteolin
Delgado A, Cholevas C, Theoharides TC. Biofactors. 2021 Mar;47(2):207-217. doi: 10.1002/biof.1714. Epub 2021 Feb 21. PMID: 33615581.

• Spontaneous miscarriages in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis - effect of stress on inflammation?
Theoharides PC, Christodoulou S, Athanasiou A. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021 Jan-Feb;35(1):5-10. doi: 10.23812/20-528-E. PMID: 33494583.

• Potential association of mast cells with coronavirus disease 2019
Theoharides TC. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Mar;126(3):217-218. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.11.003. Epub 2020 Nov 6. PMID: 33161155; PMCID: PMC7644430.

• Luteolin supplements: All that glitters is not gold
Theoharides TC. Biofactors. 2021 Mar;47(2):242-244. doi: 10.1002/biof.1689. Epub 2020 Nov 7. PMID: 33159817.

 

2020

• COVID-19, microthromboses, inflammation, and platelet activating factor
Demopoulos C, Antonopoulou S, Theoharides TC. Biofactors. 2020 Nov;46(6):927-933. doi: 10.1002/biof.1696. Epub 2020 Dec 9. PMID: 33296106.

• COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, or is it Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?
Theoharides TC, Conti P. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020 Sep-Oct,;34(5):1633-1636. doi: 10.23812/20-EDIT3. PMID: 33023287.

• Coronavirus 2019, Microthromboses, and Platelet Activating Factor
Theoharides TC, Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Clin Ther. 2020 Oct;42(10):1850-1852. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.08.006. Epub 2020 Aug 17. PMID: 32883529; PMCID: PMC7430296.

• IL-1 Superfamily Members and Periodontal Diseases
Papathanasiou E, Conti P, Carinci F, Lauritano D, Theoharides TC. J Dent Res. 2020 Dec;99(13):1425-1434. doi: 10.1177/0022034520945209. Epub 2020 Aug 6. PMID: 32758110; PMCID: PMC7684837.

• The impact of psychological stress on mast cells
Theoharides TC. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020 Oct;125(4):388-392. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.07.007. Epub 2020 Jul 17. PMID: 32687989.

• IL-38 inhibits microglial inflammatory mediators and is decreased in amygdala of children with autism spectrum disorder
Tsilioni I, Pantazopoulos H, Conti P, Leeman SE, Theoharides TC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 14;117(28):16475-16480. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004666117. Epub 2020 Jun 29. PMID: 32601180; PMCID: PMC7368277.

• Dexamethasone for COVID-19? Not so fast
Theoharides TC, Conti P. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020 Jul-Aug,;34(3):1241-1243. doi: 10.23812/20-EDITORIAL_1-5. PMID: 32551464.

• Effect of Stress on Neuroimmune Processes
Theoharides TC. Clin Ther. 2020 Jun;42(6):1007-1014. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.05.002. Epub 2020 May 22. PMID: 32451121.

• Stress, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity: The 3 Modern Erinyes
Theoharides TC. Clin Ther. 2020 May;42(5):742-744. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 Apr 18. PMID: 32354496; PMCID: PMC7165270.

• COVID-19, pulmonary mast cells, cytokine storms, and beneficial actions of luteolin
Theoharides TC. Biofactors. 2020 May;46(3):306-308. doi: 10.1002/biof.1633. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32339387; PMCID: PMC7267424.

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Neuroinflammation, and Cromolyn
Theoharides TC, Tsilioni I. Clin Ther. 2020 Mar;42(3):546-549. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.010. Epub 2020 Feb 7. PMID: 32044139.

 

Complete List of Dr. Theoharides' published work.